CONCORD

CONCORD

A.    Persesuaian Bentuk Antara Verb dan Subject

1.      If subject followed by a phrase, so the form of verb follows the subject, not follows the noun of phrase.

(Bila subyek diikuti sebuah phrase, maka bentuk verb mengikuti subyeknya, bukan pada noun yang ada pada phrase-nya.)

Example :

-          The quality of the oranges is not very high.

-          The problems of governing a country are wide and varied.

2.      If the subject consists of two or more words which conncted by ‘and’ so:

(Bila subyek terdiri dari dua atau lebih kata yang dihubungkan dengan ‘and’ maka) :

a)      Bila noun-nya menunjuk ke orang / benda yang berbeda, a plural verb form yang dipakai.

Example :

-          Fire and water have never agreed.

-          Gold and diamonds are much sought after.

b)      Bila noun-nya menunjuk ke orang / benda yang sama, a singular verb yang digunakan.

Example :

-          The author and lecturer is arriving tonight.

c)      Bila noun-nya dianggap sebagai satu unit / kesatuan, a singular verb form yang digunakan.

Example :

-          Bread and butter was his only food.

3.      If the subject contains words ‘with’, ‘as well as’ , and ‘like’, so the verb form follows the first subject.

(Bila subyek mengandung kata-kata ‘with’, ‘as well as’ dan ‘like’ maka bentuk verb mengikuti subyek pertamanya.)

Example :

-          The ship, with its crew, has gone around.

-          I heard that the coach, as well as the players, is travelling to the city.

4.      If the subject clarify number of a unity, as time, distance, and money, so a singular verb firm is used.

(Bila subyek menyatakan jumlah dari satu keseluruhan, biasanya berhubungan dengan waktu, jarak, dan uang, maka a singular verb form yang digunakan.)

Example :

-          A hundred and thirty kilometres an hour is a speed no traffic policeman will allow.

-          Don’t you think that 1.000.000 rupiahs is a large sum ?

B.   Persesuaian Bentuk antara Verb dengan Determinative

1.      If the subject consist of two words or more which connected by ‘or’, ‘either...or’ and ‘neither...nor’ so the verb follows the near subject.

(Bila subyek terdiri dari dua kata atau lebih dihubungkan dengan ‘or’, ‘either...or’ dan ‘neither...nor’ maka bentuk verb mengikuti subyek terdekat.)

Example :

-          Desy or his brothers are going to help me.

-          Either you or he is right.

-          Neither you nor I am wrong.

2.      If the previuos word of subject by ‘a lot f’, ‘most’, ‘more’, ‘some’, ‘any’, and piece words as ‘half of’ , ‘one of’ etc, so it can be form a singular or a plural verb, depends on the noun after ‘of’.

( Bila subyek didahului oleh ‘a lot f’, ‘most’, ‘more’, ‘some’, ‘any’, dan pecahan seperti ‘half of’ , ‘one of’ etc, maka dapat dianggap berbentuk tunggal atau jamak bergantung pada kata benda yang muncul sesudah ‘of’.)

Example :

-          Most of the water in the villages is obtained from wells.

-          Two-thirds of the class is absent because the disease has affected them.

-          Most of the grapes are bad.

3.      Bila kata ‘the number of’ (jumlah ) mendahului subyek, a singular verb form yang dipakai. Bila kata ‘a number of’ (sejumlah) mendahului subyek plural verb yang dipakai.

Example :

-          The number of students in the music class is limited to ten.

-          A number of books are on reserve in the library for this course.

4.      Judul buku dianggap tunggal.

Example :

-          Harry Potter is a imaginary story.

-          Cinderella and the seven dwarfs is an old story.

5.      Bila subyeknya sebuah indifinite pronoun

a)      Singular indifinite pronouns berikut diikuti singular verb forms :

-          Everybody            - anybody        - somebody     - no one

-          Everyone              - anyone          - someone        - nobody

-          Everything            - anything        - something     - nothing

-          Each                     - either             - the other        - many a

-          One                       - neither           - another

Example :

-          Everything is all right now.

-          Each arrives on time.

-          Many a book has been torn to pieces by her child.

b)      Plural indifinite pronouns berikut diikuti plural verb forms :

            - many             - a few             - both

            - several           - few

Example :

- A few parents are angry.

- Many books are sold out.

- Several have already written to me.

c)      Indifinite promouns berikut dapat dianggap bentuk tunggal atau jamak, bergantung pada artinya :

-          Some        - all

-          None         - enough

Example :

-          None has discussed from the meeting. (no one)

-          All is well. (everything)

C.   Persesuaian bentuk Verb dengan Collective dan Uncountable Nouns

1.      Bila a collective noun dianggap sebagai satu kesatuan, a singular verb yang digunakan.

Example :

-          The family has moved into a new house.

-          The committee has done the best for this event.

2.      Bila a collective noun menunjuk setiap individu / unsur yang membentuk kesatuannya, a plural verb yang digunakan.

Example :

-          The family are fond of swimming. (every)

-          The committe are going to tell their own opinions.

3.      Uncountable dan abstract nouns menggunakan a singular verb form.

Example :

-          Your behaviour is unpardonable.

-          Time is money.

4.      Kata-kata ‘people’ , ‘public’, ‘police’, ‘clergy’ dan ‘cattle’ sering kali menggunakan a plural verb.

Example :

-          The police have caught the thieves.

-          The cattle are in the yard.

5.      Kata-kata ‘the young’, ‘the poor’, ‘the hungry’, dan sejenisnya menggunakan a plural verb form.

Example :

-          The young feel that freedom is all important.

-          The poor are usually found in slum area.

6.      Kata-kata ‘Mathematics’, ‘Linguistics’ dan ‘Economics’ berbentuk jamak tapi menggunakan a singular verb form.

Example :

-          Mathematics is my favourite subject.

-          Politics is a mistery world.

7.      Kata ‘pains’ dan ‘means’ dapat dipakai a singular atau a plural verb form.

Example :

-          Much pains has been taken to make it success.

-          The means you took was effective.

-          The widow’s means are ample.

D.  Persesuaian Bentuk Pronouns

Bentuk Pronouns disesuaikan dengan number, person, dan gender dari kata yang ditunjuknya.

1.      Pakai pronoun yang sesuai dengan subjectnya.

Example :

The girl looked at herself in the mirror. She was surprised at her transformation.

2.      Kata majemuk ‘every’ , ‘no’ , ‘any’ , ‘some’ dengan ‘body’ atau ‘one’ menggunakan a singular atau plural pronoun form.

Example :

-          Everyone has own faults, haven’t they ?

-          Has anybody returned his books ?

3.      Untuk benda mati atau abstrak yang dianggap sebagai manusia, dipakai pronoun ‘he’ atau ‘she’.

Example :

-          The warship has lost all his glory.

4.      Untuk mewakili kelompok yang terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan dipakai ‘he’.

Example :

-          A lecturer has to prepare his lessons before he teaches his class.

5.      A noun atau pronoun harus sesuai bentuknya dengan determinattive yang mendahuluinya.

Example :

-          Both girls are present.

-          Each boy has her own duty to perform.